Complications of Diabetes

Acute complications

1. Coma due to high blood sugar:

Too high blood sugar can cause coma, life-threatening.

Coma due to high blood sugar or occur in people with type 1 diabetes, when they forget to inject insulin. Coma may also occur when the patient meets the mental stress (sadness, anxiety) or physical (infectious disease, after surgery, ...), though still taking insulin all day. Coma due to high blood sugar is signaled by the gastrointestinal symptoms: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, increased urination. The patient should be hospitalized immediately for treatment, if not, will take lucid and went crashing down on Monday in love. When a blood test, blood sugar often found high up to 500 mg / dl.

People with type 2 diabetes have also been in a coma when the blood sugar too high (typically 1.000 mg / dl), but under a different mechanism.

2. coma due to low blood sugar:

Blood sugar gets too low can cause coma. Hypoglycemia due to one drug, but have fun today too, forgot to eat today or too aggressive, too much movement. Maybe down the road for no apparent reason.

If hypoglycemia day, I saw hungry, sweat, shaking the hands and feet, impatient, berserk. Hypoglycemia night, while not causing symptoms, sometimes makes me nightmares, sweats, headaches or morning wake time. Risk further down the road, her head began to take wise, unusual behavior, and then coma, or seizures.

The need emergency treatment. It's not hard. If conscious, immediately use anything with sugar: candy, sweet drinks. If no province, in the hospital environment, the doctor will pass right into the vein provides a water pipe line drugs. A few minutes later, I opened my eyes again, happy to talk with your doctor. Also available in store glucagon injection. When no time to call 911, an injection of glucagon 1 mg nose is often a job, help me through danger today (glucagon is a substance have the opposite effect to insulin, causing blood sugar to rise).

Complications far

Some lucky never far complications, long-term diabetes, whereas there are people, and is more complicated at the same time. Generally, these complications occur 15-20 years after the disease out.

1. The cardiovascular complications:

Diabetes or corrupted blood vessels, leading to disease in many different organs. If sick and perverted the leading peripheral vascular blood flow to the legs, the blockage of blood vessels, causing pain and leg muscles when walking, gangrene (gangrene) feet. If disease damage blood vessels leading to the genital organs, diseases caused impotence in men.

Consequently, the arteries narrow rule the heart (coronary artery disease) and cerebral vascular accident (stroke) or occur as well. Stenosis of arteries switch to feed the heart can lead to acute myocardial dead (or euphemistically call "heart attack"). Standing dead acute myocardial intense chest pain, but, people with diabetes can not feel pain because when the nerve sensory transduction from the heart has gone corrupt. The diagnosis of acute cardiac death in people with diabetes more difficult than in the non-diabetic. Diabetes can also cause swelling of the heart muscle, causing heart failure.

You know, smoking, high blood pressure-also cause heart artery stenosis. Tobacco clog always the peripheral vascular. People with diabetes, available on the decay caused by diabetes absolutely should retire from tobacco. If people with diabetes also have high blood pressure, to save everything, to treat high blood pressure-needed early and strong. Diabetes and high blood pressure or go back together. High blood pressure medicine types. There are more types of high blood sugar do, by preventing the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. There are categories as cholesterol (cholesterol, triglycerides) high. Often doctors will avoid taking these drugs for you, if you have high blood pressure, diabetes medium.

2. Complications in the eye:

Eyes like a camera, helps us see the image of the outside world. In eyes with a lining at the back called retina (retina), activities such as film cameras. The retina connects to the optic nerve. The image at the eye, projected onto the retina. Retinal images obtained, and the optic nerve to turn this image into the brain signals. If bad film in the camera, damaged, washed out all blurry image, unknown. Similarly, if retinal damage has occurred, the image acquisition retinal blur. The optic nerve good though, just honest communication signals blur on the retina of the mind, and as a result we do not see clearly. When the retina deteriorate too much, we are blind. In America, the land of no war and at the dangerous eye infection, diabetes is the leading cause of blindness. Examination of the eye can see the damage caused by diabetes on the retina.

Complications retina deteriorate depending on the age of the patient at the new diabetes, as well as the duration of diseases. As soon be time to bring the disease as long as the risk. About 85% of people with diabetes will have complications after retinal lesions. The rest of luck never hurt the retina. Damage to the retina caused by diabetes cure: firing laser burn injuries on the retina (photocoagulation). Diabetes, the eye doctor every year.

In addition to the decay of the retina, diabetic disease also increased pressure in the eye (glaucoma), cataract (cataract). Despite the above mentioned complications did not occur, when the road up, eyes or blurred well. Bring diabetes, and naturally see eye worse, a second look, eyes at show time lu, dimly seen floating point ahead (floating spots), or pain in the eye socket, you remember the doctor know.

3. Complications of CKD:

In the US, about half of kidney failure due to diabetes. Kidney failure is the leading cause of death and disability to have diabetes.

Kidney failure usually occurs after 12 years of diabetes begin to appear. Kidney disease progressed rapidly if accompanied by high blood pressure. End-stage renal failure need dialysis or a kidney transplant. Careful treatment of diabetes may slow the progression of kidney failure. Being more high blood pressure, high blood pressure should be monitored closely. Some high blood pressure medicines more effective in reducing the progression of kidney disease caused by diabetes.

A UTI (urinary tract infection) as diabetic kidney failure faster, so if happens, it should be treated to place to place. Another problem: the drug can damage the kidneys, such as pain medications Advil, Ibuprofen, Motrin, Naprosyn, ..., should be avoided unless absolutely necessary.

4. The damage to the nervous system:

Diabetes also damages the nerves anywhere in the body, except perhaps in the brain. The lesions but not really dangerous, but it makes us uncomfortable:

- When the small nerves in the arm, leg injury, will cause numbness, pain in arms or legs, usually on both sides. The pain like an electric shock, feeling deep in the bones, worse at night.

The pain is not easy. First, our efforts to bring down blood sugar levels normal. If no avail, medications sad sad as Elavil, or medication Tegretol (used to treat eclampsia) is to try to reduce the pain. These drugs have the effect of easing the pain caused by nerve. Lotions Bengaz not even matter, but called Capsaicin cream (no prescription buy) the doctor for that good. For severe pain, sometimes require strong painkillers such as codeine containing opium.

People with diabetes may suddenly paralyzed feet, hands, feet not lifted, hands up, or natural eyes squint. These complications are slowly going down.

- When the autonomic (autonomic nervous system) controls the operation of the internal organs of the body is injured, many symptoms occur. The most common are gastrointestinal symptoms: dysphagia, flatulence after eating, constipation or diarrhea. Diarrhea or occurs at night, affecting sleep. Fortunately, diarrhea medications used to control diarrhea caused by diabetes. With diabetes, bounced stomach - esophagus (gastro-esophageal reflux, the food in the stomach bounced up the esophagus after eating) or also occur.

Normally, when we sit down, the autonomic nervous system to quickly adjust the cardiovascular system, blood pressure is always to equilibrium, and always has enough blood to the brain do. When the automatic nervous system was corrupt because of diabetes, blood pressure adjustment mechanism is disturbed. Lying or sitting but standing up suddenly, unexpectedly blood pressure or lower, making the patient feel dizzy, sometimes fainting. In this case, the patient was advised to sleep with headboard enhanced (by inserting wood or hard objects under the headboard). Patients should also avoid stood up morning wake time. Conversely, should sit up slowly, and sitting next to the bed for a while before going back. The special socks (helps blood from the legs to the heart more) also help to reduce the symptoms. When the automatic nervous system disintegrates, bladder or work abnormally, causing dysuria or uncontrolled urine. Men often hate diabetes than women, because of the nerve damage caused by diabetes are automatically cause penis erection, causing impotence.

5. ulcers and infections in the legs:

One of the other important complications of diabetes are ulcers in the legs and feet. Diabetes and perverted sense nerves peripheral diabetic foot so little, or do not feel pain when hitting foreign objects. Truth vulnerable, because the patient does not feel pain should not noticed, sought to avoid harming the animal. Shoes do not fit well or burn bulging leg, foot and skin abrasions leg, causing ulcers. Others, as we know, diabetes damage resulting peripheral vascular blood flow to the legs and feet. The ulcer healing and so or infection. If severe infection, which can lead to foot or leg.

The following approach is considered to be effective at preventing ulcers and infections as diabetic foot: every day you should visit legs, feet and noticed the signs:

- Swelling, redness, pain, pus, there is a red line runs from foot to foot.

- The skin induration (corns, calluses): skin under the seat or damaged.

- The nails are too long, need to cut shorter.

- The pain in the legs caused by tight shoes. These regions or omitted, often unnoticed technique is the heel and between the toes.

If your poor eyes, blurry vision, you can ask a family member to consider foot protection. Also, thanks for your foot doctor at least 1 time per year.

Wash your feet every day with mild soap and warm water, then use against dry skin lotion (moisturizing lotion) rub off the foot dry foot skin (skin dry and vulnerable to infection). You avoid using hot water, and try to remember before hand, see to what extent the hot water before embedding foot tub. Do not go barefoot you, sir, whether at home, and so it's fitting shoes to avoid foot and leg scratched, or have hardened seats (corns, calluses) caused by shoes. Remember to remove shoes at least 1 time per day. When a new shoe, the first day, you should only carry a maximum of 1 hour of shoes each day to avoid foot blisters. There are many kinds of shoes made ​​specially to protect the legs, good for the diabetic foot. If not, you can use these sneakers are fine. Before you slip on shoes, you remember to look carefully, looking for foreign objects in the shoes can hurt your feet. Socks should be changed every day. Use the special stockings to help prevent blisters (antiblister socks) even more good. When cutting toenails, you should cut the nails, instead of cutting ring. Cut a rounded toe easy committed under the meat. You should also visit the podiatrist (foot care specialist) regularly. Podiatrist help cut the feet thick hard skin, the nails grow abnormally, crashing into the meat (Ingrown toenails).

6. The other infectious complications:

In addition to foot infections, people with diabetes prone to infection elsewhere in the body, because the body's resistance decreases. Some infections, bacterial or fungal, little happens in the normal, back or occurs where people with diabetes. For example, tuberculosis, fungal diseases vagina (vaginal itching), outer ear infections are caused by bacteria Pseudomonas dangerous.

As we can see, diabetes leads to significant complications. The treatment in addition to reducing the symptoms caused by diabetes (fatigue, weight loss, polyuria, nocturia, thirst, ...), also aims to prevent complications.